W. Morton Caldwell, P.E.
Mort Caldwell
Resume and Publications
Education:
B.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
M.S., Physiology and Biophysics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
Registration:
Registered Professional Engineer (Missouri) - Registration # E-26962
Employment:
1995 - Present:
Biomedical Instrumentation Consultant. Services include physiological research instrument design and construction, instrumentation purchase advisement, biomedical electronics instruction and computer data acquisition system integration.
1980 - 1995:
Technical Resources Director and Research Assistant Professor
John M. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
Managed and supervised Electronics and Computer Instrumentation laboratory. This facility was responsible for design, fabrication, and maintenance of electronic instrumentation and computer systems for more than 20 physiological research laboratories. Supervised staff of one associate engineer and four electronics technicians. Duties were design of custom, commercially-unavailable, physiological research instrumentation and biomedical engineering support of Center research programs.
These activities involved design of the linear and digital electronic circuits, control systems, computer software and electromechanical devices required by modern physiological instrumentation. The work necessitated proficiency in a wide range of electronic design and programming techniques, scientific computer applications, physiology, physics, electrochemistry and electro-mechanical engineering.
Instructed and consulted on electronic engineering principles and design, biomedical instrumentation, computer data acquisition, scientific computing, university network and Internet procedures, laboratory information and automation systems, mathematics and physics. Teaching modes were scheduled classes, seminars, informal groups and individual instruction. Engineering advisement was also provided on the research applicability, specifications and cost effectiveness of a wide range of commercial instruments and computer applications.
Later developments were in the cardiovascular, neurological, biopolymer, microvascular circulation, and computer data acquisition areas. Specific instruments were designed for programmable artery occlusion, Doppler blood flow measurement, biomedical radiotelemetry, intracellular ion microfluorometry, animal temperature control, mechanosensory stimulation, software-controlled biosignal amplification, microcirculation pumping-measurement and RF glow-discharge polymer production.
1979 - 1980
Biomedical Engineer
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Directed clinical engineering/biomedical electronics facility. Supervised 6 biomedical electronics technicians. Provided biomedical engineering support service to physicians, surgeons, nurses, and allied health personnel. Directed comprehensive patient care equipment maintenance and safety testing program to assure compliance with national hospital accreditation standards and engineering codes. Provided technical advisement for hospital clinical and administrative services on matters relating to accepted biomedical engineering practices, technical and legal aspects of biomedical equipment application and efficient use of existing equipment.
Coordinated equipment manufacturer service contracts, warranties and repair personnel. Increased in-house maintenance capabilities to eliminate service contracts on several major hospital electronic equipment systems. This cost saving was accomplished by enhancing staff technical knowledge, professional motivation and maintenance skills.
Taught accreditation-required electrical safety and equipment classes to clinical staff. Advised administration and physicians on instrumentation purchase decisions. Provided bioengineering support to hospital's Research Service and chaired Research Equipment Committee. Designed instruments for renal, cardiovascular and biofeedback research. Served on hospital equipment committee and on Biomedical Engineering Advisory Committee of Cincinnati Technical College.
1965 - 1979
Biomedical Engineer and Lecturer
Department of Physiology and Biophysics
West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
Established and managed biomedical engineering research laboratory for support of departmental research programs and other laboratories throughout the university. Supervised staff of one associate engineer, two electronics technicians and one laboratory technician. Primary work was the design of electronic instruments and techniques for cardiovascular, electrophysiological and neurological research. Examples of designed analog and digital instruments, with several publications, are:
Electromagnetic transducer systems for acquisition of chronic animal heart dimension data.
Electrocardiographic rate, period and heart conduction time measurement instruments.
Electrical, mechanical, thermal and audiometric physiological stimulators and generators.
Ultrasonic Doppler and electromagnetic blood flowmeters for long-term chronic animal studies.
Chronic nerve stimulation\recording electrodes, cold block transducers, associated electronics.
Whole animal spirometry and respiratory impedance measurement instrumentation.
Biopotential, blood flow and temperature radiotelemetry systems for human and animal subjects.
Psychophysiological human performance testing and biofeedback instrumentation.
Heart stroke volume, ejection duration, power, and coronary artery flow resistance computers.
Electric and magnetic field bone growth and fracture healing (and bone testing) instruments.
Animal temperature heating/cooling system controllers with neural and cardiovascular feedback.
Intracellular microelectrode amplifiers, voltage clamps and current sources.
Other activities at West Virginia University:
Developed, coordinated, and taught graduate course Physiological Methods 441 for 6 years.
This four credit hour course (with weekly 3-hour lab) covered a wide range of biomedical electronic instrumentation theory and design principles. Primary subjects were analog and digital electronics, computer data acquisition, cardiovascular and neurophysiological instrumentation, data telemetry, radioisotope techniques and electrochemical measurements. The course was required for departmental graduate students and also served students from other biomedical science departments and electrical engineering.
Principal investigator for cardiovascular instrumentation and coronary neurocontrol research projects. This work was supported for 5 years by simultaneous West Virginia Heart Association and West Virginia University grants. Instrumentation research concerned techniques for measurement of left ventricular width, coronary blood flow and pressure in long-term, normal subject studies. This instrumentation, along with chronically-implanted nerve electrodes, was used for investigation of carotid sinus nerve stimulation control of coronary artery flow resistance.
Coordinated and taught course Introduction to Biophysics 244 for 3 years.
Subjects were physics, electrical and electronic principles, applied calculus and differential equations, computing and physiological measurement techniques. This departmentally-required course gave entering graduate students a fundamental knowledge of engineering and mathematical tools essential for physiological research.
Developed numerous electronic research instruments and provided biomedical engineering consultation for Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Anatomy, Surgery, Clinical Engineering, Biology and Psychology.
Instructed graduate course Special Topics in Physiology 391 for 5 years.
This unstructured, individualized course investigated specific biomedical engineering topics and current problems such as fetal electrocardiography, heart pacemaker electrodes, tonometric human arterial pressure measurement, automated drug delivery and coronary resistance control. Students were from medical, biomedical science and engineering fields.
Instructed physiology in course Human Physiology 141 for 3 years.
Taught course sections on cardiovascular, central nervous system and sensory physiology to undergraduate physical therapy, medical technology and nursing students.
Instructed biomedical instrumentation in course Medical Technology 203 for 4 years.
Taught clinical laboratory instrumentation principles. This course was in the Medical Technology Department. Subjects were electrical and electronic fundamentals, applied mathematics and physics, electrochemical techniques, spectrophotometry, osmometry and clinical blood measurements.
Provided consultation to Physical Therapy Department student research projects for 5 years.
Taught specific physiological measurement techniques and instrumentation design.
Served as instrumentation advisor and thesis committee member for Electrical Engineering Department Biomedical Engineering masters degree candidates.
1964 - 1965:
Electrical Engineer
Sperry Phoenix Company, Phoenix, Arizona
Designed circuits and test instruments for commercial aircraft autopilots. Primary activity was adaptation of Boeing 727 autopilot for use in Douglas DC-9. Directed production line changes.
1960 - 1963:
Electronics and Cardiovascular Research Technician
Department of Physiology and Biophysics
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Designed signal conditioning circuitry and transducers for measurement of left ventricular dimensions, arterial pressure and arterial blood flow in long-term, chronic animal studies. Constructed on-line analog computers for calculation of cardiac output, left ventricular stroke volume and LV ejection duration. Performed chronic-animal cardiovascular control system experiments by measurement of intraventricular and aortic pressures, aortic blood flow and ventricular width. Assisted in chronic-animal surgery and wrote instrumentation sections of scientific papers. This was a 20 hour/week position while an undergraduate student.
1958 - 1960:
Electronics Technician
Maintenance and Operations Department
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Maintained electronic devices and systems throughout the university. Repaired research instruments, televisions, cable networks, audio amplifiers and recorders. Constructed custom audio and electronic control systems. Obtained FCC First Class License and worked for commercial radio station as night-shift broadcast engineer. These undergraduate jobs had a total work time of 30 hours/week.
OTHER INFORMATION
Member of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
and IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
Consultant to instrumentation, software and law firms regarding product development, prototype design and electrical safety.
Established (1987) and presently maintain a cooperative biomedical instrumentation development program with Hiroshima Institute of Technology Electrical Engineering Department.
PUBLICATIONS
Wilson, M.F., W.M. Caldwell, J.G. Gibson and S.J. Cho. A gauging system to measure internal organ dimensions.
Amer. J. Med. Electron. 2:328-334, 1963.
Wilson, M.F., I. Ninomiya and W.M. Caldwell. Left ventricular dimension-flow relations in unanesthetized dogs.
In: Factors Influencing Myocardial Contractility, 149-161, Academic Press, New York, 1967.
Caldwell, W.M. and M.F. Wilson. A two channel cardiac dimension gauge.
In: Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 290-293, Plenum Press, NY, 1968.
Caldwell, W.M., M.F. Wilson and R.E. Stealey. A gauge for multiple heart dimension measurements.
Proc. 21st Ann. Conf. Engr. Med. Biol. 35A7, 1968.
Gladfelter, W.E., W.M. Caldwell and J.E. McEwuen. An apparatus for measuring the performance of rats on a treadmill.
Physiol. and Behav. 4:439-441, 1969.
Ninomiya, I., W.V. Judy, W.M. Caldwell and M.F. Wilson. Sympathetic nerve activity in unanesthetized cats.
Physiologist 12:3, 1969 (abstract).
Caldwell, W.M., M.F. Wilson and R.E. Stealey. A multichannel cardiac dimension gauge.
Med. Res. Engr. 8:11-19, 1969.
Ninomiya, I., M.F. Wilson, W.V. Judy and W.M. Caldwell. Summation of hypothalamic discharge and barroreceptor afferent input on sympathetic efferent activity to heart and blood vessels.
Fed. Proc. 28:2, 1969 (abstract).
Caldwell, W.M., L.E. Smith and M.F. Wilson. A wide range linear beat-by-beat cardiotachometer.
Med. Biol. Engr. 8:181-185, 1970.
Caldwell, W.M. and A. Judy. A radiotelemetry stimulator for conditioning of large animals.
Psychophysiol. 7:449-502, 1970.
Caldwell, W.M., M.E. Whiting and A. Judy. FM converter for tape recording of low-frequency biological data.
J. Appl. Physiol. 29:901-903, 1970.
Caldwell, W.M. A suppressed carrier radio frequency biological stimulus isolator.
Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 31:514-517, 1971.
Caldwell, W.M. A universal biological interval timer.
IEEE Trans. Biomed. Engr. BME-18:383-386, 1971.
Irisawa, H., W.M. Caldwell and M.F. Wilson. Neural regulation of atrioventricular conduction.
Japan. J. Physiol. 21:15-25, 1971.
Caldwell, W.M. and J.B. Hatcher. Linear motion generator for physiological research.
J. Appl. Physiol. 33:532-536, 1972.
Caldwell, W.M. and M.F. Wilson. Measurement of dimension by inductance coils.
In: Chronically Implanted Cardiovascular Instrumentation, 133-147; Academic Press, NY, 1973.
Caldwell, W.M. and T.R. Ebeling. Oscilloscope conversion for biopotential measurements.
Med. Biol. Engr. 11:500-503, 1973.
Ebeling, T.R., W.M. Caldwell and T.W. McIntyre. A pulse train generator for biological stimulation.
Med. Bio. Engr. 13:463-466, 1975.
Caldwell, W.M. and D.C. Dunning. A tone burst modulator for behavioral and neurophysiological stimulation.
Physiol. and Behav. 16:809-812, 1976.
Caldwell, W.M. DC proportional heater-cooler temperature controller for physiological research.
J. Appl. Physiol. 43:160-163, 1977.
Caldwell, W.M., W.E. Gladfelter, R.J. King and B.T. Olenchuk. A miniature cmos four channel pwm temperature telemetry system.
Proc. 30th Ann. Conf. Engr. Med. Biol. P3. 20, 1977.
Khoshnood, B., W.M. Caldwell, W.L. Cooley and D.G. Frazer. A pressure feedback electromagnetic spirometer for small animals.
Fed. Proc. 37:866, 1978 (abstract).
Franklin, D., D.P. McKown, M.D. McKown, J.W. Hartley and W.M. Caldwell.
Development and regression of coronary collaterals induced by repeated, reversible ischemia in dogs.
Fed. Proc. 3(2):603, 1981 (abstract)
Hahn, A.W., K.S. Rugh, W.M. Caldwell, S.A. Warner, B.E. Colley and B.A. Gilroy.
Computer assisted monitoring and record keeping in a veterinary intensive care unit.
Proc. Symposium on Computer Application in Veterinary Med., Miss. St. Univ. 801-813, 1982.
Caldwell, W.M., J.A. Bleck, T. Erdal, J.W. Hartley, D.D. Berkeley and Franklin, D.
Automatic arterial occluder and ultrasonic blood flow telemetry system for coronary collateralization studies.
Proc. Mid-Amer. Electronics Conf. Sl5, l-ll, l984.
Bleck, J.A., M.F. Nichols, W.M. Caldwell and A.W. Hahn. Low cost data acquisition system for electrochemistry.
Proc. 8th IEEE Conf. Engr. Med. and Biol. 3:1661-1663, 1986.
Gibson, J.G., M.L. Morton-Gibson, W.M. Caldwell and J.D. Woodburn. A stimulation and data collection system for studying stimulus-response relationships in mechanosensory neurons.
Soc. Neuroscience Abstr. 12:334, 1986 (abstract)
Nichols, M.F., A.K. Sharma, W.M. Caldwell, D.G. Retzloff and A.W. Hahn. A laboratory reactor for plasma/parylene polymer deposition.
Proc. 8th IEEE Conf. Engr. Med. and Biol. 86CH2368-9. 3:1664-1666, 1986.
Caldwell, W.M., J.G. Gibson and O.T. Erdal. A mechanical stimulator for displacement generation in mechanosensory studies.
Proc. 9th IEEE Conf. Engr. Med. and Biol. 87CH2513-10, 2:1735-1736, 1987.
Yonezawa, Y., W.M. Caldwell, J.C. Schadt, and A.W. Hahn. A miniaturized ultrasonic flowmeter and telemetry transmitter for chronic animal blood flow measurements.
Proc. 26th Rocky Mtn. Biomed. Engr. Symp., ISA Biomed. Sci. Instrumen. 25: 107-111, 1989.
Caldwell, W.M., D.P. McKown, J.A. Bleck, J.W. Hartley, T. Erdal and E.E. Barrett, D. Franklin.
An automatic syringe for coronary occlusion in long-term collateralization studies.
Amer. J. Physiol. 256 (Heart Circ. Physiol.) 25: H1707-H1710, 1989.
Yonezawa, Y. and W.M. Caldwell. A miniaturized radiotelemetry two channel ultrasonic cardiac dimension gauge.
Proc. 11th IEEE Conf. Engr. Med. and Biol. 89CH2770-6 11: 1499-1450, 1989.
Sturek, M. and W.M. Caldwell. Instrumentation for simultaneous measurement of ionic currents and intracellular free calcium in smooth muscle cells.
Physiologist 32: 147, 1989.
Hartley, J.W., A.W. Hahn, M. DeLorey, W.M. Caldwell. Digital signal processing of equine exercise electrocardiogram.
Proc. 27th Rocky Mtn. Biomed. Engr. Symp. ISA Biomedical Sci. Instrument. 26: 11-15, 1990.
Sarazan, R.D., W.M. Caldwell, H.E. Garner, D.M. Griggs, and D. Franklin. Systolic and diastolic coronary blood flow during reactive hyperemia in conscious dogs and ponies.
Physiologist 4: 946, 1990.
Nishiura, N., Y. Yonezawa, I. Ninomiya, and W.M. Caldwell. An optical and RF telemetry drug injection control and ECG system for awake small animals.
Proc. 13th IEEE Conf. Engr. Med. and Biol. 13:5 2162-2163, 1991.
Sturek, M., W.M. Caldwell, D.A. Humphrey, and C. Wagner-Mann. Methods for simultaneous voltage-clamp, microfluorometry, and video of cells. I. Electronic and Optical Instrumentation.
In: Ion Channels of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells, 239-267, 1991,
N. Sperelakis and H. Kuriyama, Editors. Elsevier, New York.
Yonezawa, Y., T. Nakayama, I. Ninomiya, and W.M. Caldwell. Radio telemetry directional ultrasonic blood flowmeter for use with unrestrained animals.
Med. and Biol. Engr. and Computing 30: 659-665, 1992.
Takenoshita, M., Y. Yonezawa, A. Mikuniya, and W.M. Caldwell. Detection of ultrasonic flowmeter beam angle for precise blood velocity measurements.
Proc. 15th IEEE Conf. Engr. Med. and Biol. 12:4 1503-1506, 1993.
Franklin, D., W.M. Caldwell and T. Erdal. Quantitative ultrasonic interferometry applicable to differential transit time flow measurement; preliminary report.
Proc. 17th IEEE Conf. Engr. Med. and Biol. 11:5 1231-1233, 1995.
Jimenez, A.H., M.A. Tanner, W.M. Caldwell and P.R. Myers. Effects of oxygen tension on flow-induced vasodilation in porcine coronary resistance vessels.
Microvascular Research 51: 365-377, 1996.
Caldwell Biomedical Electronics
Hurricane, West Virginia 25526
304-757-8344
caldbio@earthlink.net